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                  <text>Blacks in the Labor Movement</text>
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                  <text>Oral histories conducted in Detroit by Herbert Hill, Roberta McBride, Norman McRae and others during the late 1960’s. Brief descriptions of the interviews may be found in Warner Pflug’s Guide to the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs.</text>
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                <text>Arthur McPhaul Oral History</text>
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                <text>Arthur McPhaul is the former Executive Secretary of the Civil Rights Congress of Michigan. In this interview McPhaul describes his experiences with the Ford Organizing Drive, the Civil Rights Federation, National Negro Congress, and Civil Rights Congress. McPhaul recalls the black community in the 1930’s including the role of the Black Legion, police brutality, and the Sojourner Truth Riot.</text>
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                <text>1970-04-05</text>
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                <text>McPhaul, Arthur, 1909-</text>
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                <text>McRae, Norman</text>
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                <text>Detroit, MI; 1935-1945</text>
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                  <text>Oral histories conducted in Detroit by Herbert Hill, Roberta McBride, Norman McRae and others during the late 1960’s. Brief descriptions of the interviews may be found in Warner Pflug’s Guide to the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs.</text>
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                <text>Arthur Osman Oral History</text>
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                <text>Arthur Osman is the Former president of the District 65 Distributive Workers of America. In this interview Osman recalls the conditions in the dry goods industry in New York in the early 1930’s, the AFL-CIO split in later 30’s, and the organizing of black workers in the industry. Osman describes his involvement with the adoption of a hiring hall system and policy on sending black job applicants, democratic practices in the union, the changing racial make-up of union, and the relationship with clothing industry unions and with the Teamsters.</text>
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            <name>Date Recorded</name>
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                <text>1968-04-12</text>
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                <text>Hill, Herbert</text>
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                <text>New York, NY; 1933-1968</text>
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                <text>Beulah Whitby Oral History</text>
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                <text>Beulah Whitby was a social worker and former assistant director of the Detroit Commission on Community Relations. In this interview Whitby recalls her employment as the Assistant Executive Secretary with the then segregated YWCA and casework with the Detroit welfare department under the Office of Civilian Defense. She describes Detroit in Depression, the Sojourner Truth episode, the 1943 Race Riot, the NAACP, the Urban League, and the black community.</text>
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                <text>1969-09-16</text>
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                <text>Roberta McBride &amp; J. Keeney</text>
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                <text>Detroit, MI; 1924-1950's</text>
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                  <text>Oral histories conducted in Detroit by Herbert Hill, Roberta McBride, Norman McRae and others during the late 1960’s. Brief descriptions of the interviews may be found in Warner Pflug’s Guide to the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs.</text>
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                <text>Birney Smith Oral History</text>
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                <text>Bernie Smith was a retired Juvenile Court probation officer. In this interview Smith recalls black life in Detroit in early the 1900’s, the organization of Detroit Urban League, and black politics at the turn of the century.  Mr. Smith discusses the reactions to the black influx of World War I, his relationships with John Dancy, Forrester Washington, and St. Matthews Church and Father Daniel.</text>
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            <name>Date Recorded</name>
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                <text>1969-06-15</text>
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                <text>Smith, Birney</text>
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                <text>McBride, Roberta; Keeney, Jim</text>
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                <text>Detroit, MI; 1912-1945</text>
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                <text>C. LeBron Simmons Oral History</text>
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                <text>C. LeBron Simmons was a practicing Detroit attorney at the time of this interview. Simmons recalls the events of the Sojourner Truth housing project and police brutality in the 1930’s.  Simmons describes his presidency with the Detroit Chapter of the National Negro Congress and how he became involved in the congress. Also included in the interview is a discussion of Simmons work as an assistant prosecutor.</text>
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                <text>1969-01-01</text>
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                <text>Simmons, C. LeBron</text>
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                <text>McRae, Norman</text>
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                <text>Detroit, MI; 1935-1945</text>
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                <text>David Livingston Oral History</text>
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                <text>In this interview David Livingston recalls his activities as President of District 65, Distributive Workers of America. Livingston discusses his roles with the Distributive Workers, the Textile Workers Union and the organizing of black and Puerto Rican workers.</text>
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                <text>Livingston, David, 1915-</text>
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                  <text>Oral histories conducted in Detroit by Herbert Hill, Roberta McBride, Norman McRae and others during the late 1960’s. Brief descriptions of the interviews may be found in Warner Pflug’s Guide to the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs.</text>
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                <text>Dorothy Jones, a faculty member at Rutgers State University, recalls her role as an educator and labor activist. This interview describes her involvement with the United Federation of Teachers, Dr. Kenneth Clark, and the Northern school desegregation. Jones also discusses the Brownsville episode, the Black Caucus of AFT, and activist Al Shanker.</text>
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                <text>Edward L. Doty Oral History</text>
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                <text>Edward Doty was a plumber and black unionist in Chicago Illinois. In this interview Doty recalls the problem of discrimination in the Chicago area building trades, especially in electricians’ and plumbers’ unions. Doty also describes the organization of the all-black Consolidated Trades Council.</text>
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            <name>Date Recorded</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3965">
                <text>1967-11-02</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5381">
                <text>Doty, Edward L.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7263">
                <text>Herbert Hill, Herbert</text>
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            <description>Coverage (Imported from CWIS Coverage field)</description>
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                <text>Coverage Chicago, IL; 1914-1967</text>
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                  <text>Blacks in the Labor Movement</text>
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                  <text>Oral histories conducted in Detroit by Herbert Hill, Roberta McBride, Norman McRae and others during the late 1960’s. Brief descriptions of the interviews may be found in Warner Pflug’s Guide to the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs.</text>
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                <text>Eleanor Macki Oral History</text>
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                <text>In this interview Eleanor Macki discusses her membership with the American Youth Congress Civil Rights Federation and the Civil Rights Congress. Macki recalls the Detroit riots, the Sojourner Truth housing episode, and her involvement with the American Federation of Teachers in the 1930’s and 1940’s.</text>
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            <name>Date Recorded</name>
            <description>Date of Record Creation (Imported from CWIS DateRecordedBegin field)</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3973">
                <text>1970-03-26</text>
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                <text>Macki, Eleanor</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7271">
                <text>McRae, Norman</text>
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          <element elementId="120">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>Coverage (Imported from CWIS Coverage field)</description>
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                <text>Detroit, Saginaw, MI; 1935-1945</text>
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                  <text>Blacks in the Labor Movement</text>
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                <text>Frances Albrier Oral History</text>
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                <text>Mrs. Francis Albrier was the first black women welder and member of the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders and Helpers of the AFL-CIO in Richmond, CA during WWII. In this interview Albrier recalls the problems she had finding employment at the ship yards because of her race. Albrier did obtain a position as a welder but was also not allowed to join the union due to its color bar. She shares the letters she wrote to President Roosevelt and the reaction of the union after the federal government intervened. Albrier’s correspondence is included in the oral history.</text>
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        <name>Oral History Item</name>
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            <name>Date Recorded</name>
            <description>Date of Record Creation (Imported from CWIS DateRecordedBegin field)</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3957">
                <text>1968-11-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5373">
                <text>Albrier, Frances, 1898-</text>
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                <text>Hill, Herbert</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>Coverage (Imported from CWIS Coverage field)</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="8607">
                <text>California; 1916-1945</text>
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