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                  <text>The Voice/Vision Holocaust Survivor Oral History Archive exists to maintain a collection of oral testimonies of those who survived the Holocaust and make these widely accessible for educational purposes. Through interlibrary loan, the Internet and community outreach, we make the oral testimonies and transcriptions available to researchers, students and the general public.</text>
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                <text>An interview with Felina Lusopolus, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dawn Miller. Felina Lusopolus (maiden name Greenberg) was born in Bucharest, Romania in 1919. Her mother died when Felina was just two and a half years old. Her father, who worked in the lumber business until he died at the age of 49, sent his daughter to boarding school. After her father's death, Felina moved in with her grandmother in Chernowitz, finished high school, went to college and got a degree in teaching. Felina moved to Oradea to become a teacher and became engaged to a Jewish lawyer who was sent to the Russian front. After the ghetto was started in Oradea, Felina was sent to Auschwitz. She was then sent to a camp called Langenbielau-Biewala (a sub-camp of Gross Rosen) near Reichenbach and then sent to Parschnitz. The last camp she was sent to was in the Sudetenland and she worked in a factory making airplane parts. After the Russians liberated the camp, Felina started her long journey back home to Oradea where she found out her fiancé had died on his way home to see her. She acquired a job translating Hungarian movies left behind after the war into Romanian. She married a Gentile Greek professor and had one daughter. The Communists imprisoned her husband after he told two jokes in his classroom that offended the regime. Weakened by his ordeal, he died in 1957, three years after being released. Felina applied for a passport out of Communist Romania after his death. She was granted the passport and moved first to Paris, then Belgium, Germany and finally to the United States where she moved in with her aunts in Detroit</text>
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                <text>An interview with Leo Liffman, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan--Dearborn. Leo Liffman was born and raised in Wiesbaden, Germany. He relates his experiences with anti-Semitism as a child and young adult during the closing years of the Weimar Republic and the early Hitler years. He was arrested during Kristallnacht and imprisoned for several weeks at Buchenwald concentration camp. He left Germany in 1939, leaving his parents behind, and was the only member of his family to survive the war</text>
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                <text>An interview with Rene Lichtman, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan-Dearborn. Rene was born in Paris, France in 1937, the only son of Polish immigrants who arrived in France in the 1930's. After his birth, his parents hired Anne Lepage to serve as Rene's guardian. Under this arrangement, Rene spent weekdays with the Lepages in a small town northeast of Paris and returned home on the weekends. Rene's father joined the French Army shortly before the outbreak of World War II. His father was killed in action in May 1940 when the Germans invaded the Benelux countries. After the fall of France, Rene's mother sent him to stay with the Lepages on a permanent basis where he was a hidden child for the remainder of the war. His mother went into hiding in Paris in 1942. After the war, Rene returned to his mother in Paris where the two stayed for five years. In 1950, Rene's mother married an American Orthodox Jew and the two moved from France to Williamsburg, New York, returning to France once in 1957 to visit the Lepages</text>
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                <text>1998-08-08</text>
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                <text>An interview with Alfred Lessing, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan--Dearborn. Mr. Lessing recalls his experiences living with other families as a hidden child in the Netherlands during the war. He talks about the last year of the war when he was reunited and lived with his father and brothers</text>
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                <text>Stefa Kupfer Oral History</text>
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                <text>An interview with Stefa (Sarah) Sprecher Kupfer, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan--Dearborn. Mrs. Kupfer was ten years old and living in Sanok, Poland when the war started. Her father was killed in the early days of the occupation. Stefa, her mother and young sister went into hiding instead of registering with the occupational government. They were hidden in the basement of Mrs. Orlewska, a Polish woman, who played a significant role in their survival. They were also aided by other Poles, some of whom knew they were Jews</text>
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                <text>An interview with Dr. Henry Krystal, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan--Dearborn. Dr. Krystal was born in Sosnowiec, Poland in 1925. Shortly after the Nazi invasion, Dr. Krystal's brother and then father escaped to the Soviet occupied zone of Poland while Henry and his mother lived in Bodzentyn, Poland. In 1942 Henry was sent to a labor camp and his mother sent to Treblinka where she died. From 1942 until the end of the war, Henry was a member of a labor Kommando sent from place to place, including Starachowice, Bobrek, Birkenau, Siemenstadt and Sachsenhausen. He worked in a factory operated by the Siemens company. At the end of the war he was in the city of Schwerin, in the British occupied zone of Germany. In 1947 Dr. Krystal immigrated to Detroit, Michigan where he lived with an aunt and uncle, went to school and became a psychiatrist</text>
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                <text>An interview with Martin Koby, a Holocaust survivor, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan--Dearborn. Martin Koby was born in Rovno, Poland in 1930. During the 1930s, Martin along with his mother, father, and brother, moved to the neighboring village of Giuszwica. During the pre-war period, Martin and his family experienced several incidents of anti-Semitism, especially during Christian holidays. In 1939, the Soviet Union annexed eastern Poland as part of a secret agreement contained in the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and Giuszwica came under Soviet control. Under Soviet rule, Martin and his family lived a relatively normal life. In the summer of 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union and Giuszwica came under German control. Under German rule, anti-Semitism increased among the local population and Martin's father was abducted and beaten by members of the Ukrainian Liberation Army (UPA). Martin's father was released and due to the influence of a wealthy Polish landowner, the family was sent to work on an estate, rather than sent to the newly established Jewish ghetto in Rovno. In September 1942, the family, hearing news of the liquidation of the Rovno ghetto, went into hiding. Between 1942 and 1944, the family hid in six different locations in and around Giuszwica, usually with the knowledge and complicity of the local population. In February 1944, the Soviets liberated the area and the family moved to Rovno. In late 1945, they were allowed by the Soviet government to relocate to Poland and moved to Bytom, near Katowice. Sometime in 1946 or 1947, the family traveled to a displaced persons camp (the Sedan Kaserne) in Ulm, Germany. From there they made their way to the United States</text>
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                <text>An interview with Bernard and Emery Klein, brothers and Holocaust survivors, conducted by Dr. Sidney Bolkosky, Professor of History at the University of Michigan--Dearborn. The Klein brothers were born in Humenné, a town in eastern Slovakia. The immediate family of the brothers included their parents and a younger sister. The Germans occupied the area in 1939 and started to deport the Jews in 1941. The Klein family was not deported until 1944 because Mr. Klein was an important farming advisor. The family was sent to Auschwitz without Bernard, who had become separated. Mrs. Klein and her daughter were immediately gassed upon arrival at the camp. Bernard was reunited with his brother and father at Auschwitz a month later. The three were sent to Gleiwitz where Emery and his father worked in a factory while Bernard worked in the concentration camp kitchen. In 1945, as the Russian army advanced into the area, the camp was evacuated to Blechhammer, another camp in the vicinity. The German guards fled the camp, leaving the prisoners. A few days later, the brothers, their father and several others began walking back to HumennĂ©. The Klein family moved to Israel, Montreal and eventually to Detroit</text>
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