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                  <text>Interviews with women in a variety of construction and maintenance trades conducted between 2004 and 2006.</text>
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                <text>Sara Willis Oral History</text>
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                <text>Sara Willis is an electrician at the Chrysler Sterling Heights Assembly Plant. Willis grew up in Grand Rapids and moved to Detroit in the early 1980’s to care for her ailing grandmother. She applied for the Local 58 electrical apprenticeship at the urging of a friend and after two years was called to start the program. Willis describes the apprenticeship schooling and work experience, she did not recall any mistreatment caused by her sex or race. Willis started working at Chrysler after 8 year of working at Local 58 and she compares and contrasts her experiences with both. Willis joined the UAW Local 1700 when she started working for Chrysler and is a member of CBTU-Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, CLUW-Coalition of Labor Union Women, co-chair of Women's Council Region 1, and chair of her Women's Committee. Willis explains what her official duties and activities with the groups are. At the time of this interview Willis was working towards a Bachelors degree in Management at Cornerstone College and did not plan on retiring from Chrysler. Willis closes by discussing the changes she would like to make in the local and the trades and how to make them more inclusive for women.</text>
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                <text>2004-02-16</text>
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                <text>Willis, Sara, 1960-</text>
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                <text>Raucher, Margaret; Advisory Group Members</text>
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                <text>Detroit, MI; 1978-2004</text>
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                <text>J.W. Oral History</text>
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                <text>J.W. is a metal model maker and a trainer with the UAW. Born and raised in Flint, MI J.W.  went to work on the line at Delphi East in the mid 1970’s. She worked on the line for 10 years, took the skilled trades test and scored very high. J.W. chose to be model maker because she was afraid of the heights involved with electrical work.  J.W. describes her apprenticeship and the mistreatment she had to endure not only because she was not only a woman but because she was African American. J.W. decided to get involved in the union increase the representation of women and minorities. She won the position of recording secretary and in 1997 she was appointed to International staff for the UAW, the first African American woman in the history of the UAW to come out of her region to the International staff. J.W. closes the interview with her thoughts on what the union can do to get more women into the trades, the future of the trades at GM, Chrysler and Ford, and the impact that new technology has made on the trades.</text>
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                <text>2005-08-15</text>
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                <text>J.W., 1955-</text>
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                <text>Raucher, Margaret; Advisory Group Members</text>
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                <text>Metro Detroit; 1980's-2005</text>
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                <text>Carrie Wells Oral History</text>
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                <text>In this interview Carrie Wells, a tile setter from Detroit recalls how she entered the tile setting trade after attending college and working in a radio station.  Wells explains the apprenticeship program’s mandate to accept women and minorities and the high turnover of these minorities upon completion of their training. Wells cites the multiple generations and the persistence of racism, sexism, and nepotism in the trade as factors in the high turnover. Wells sustained a herniated disc on the job and at the time of the interview was out on disability. She discusses the physical toll the tile setting profession can put on the body, the high rate of injury to tile setters, and job safety issues.  Wells discusses her union, its membership policy, and her feelings of dissatisfaction about the union’s policies and politics. At the time of the interview Wells was out on disability and was using the time to complete her degree at Wayne State University, she was unsure if she would return to work after her injury has heeled.</text>
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                <text>2004-03-24</text>
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                <text>Wells, Carrie, 1972-</text>
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                <text>Raucher, Margaret; Advisory Group Members</text>
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                <text>Ann Arbor, MI; Detroit, MI; 1973-2005</text>
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                <text>Jola Stone Oral History</text>
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                <text>Jola Stone attended art school and worked in the engineering  and drafting departments of Consumers Power in Grand Rapids, MI before a friend referred her to an opening at MichCon (now DTE). Stone was the first women hired into the drafting department.  Stone discusses the technical aspects of drafting and compares the way drafting was done by hand when she entered the field in 1975 to the current practice of drafting on computers. A year into her employment the drafting department joined the International Chemical Workers Union (currently under the United Food and Commercial Workers) and Jola became active in the union.  Stone was vice president of her union until 1987 when she became president.   She is the only female officer in her union and she discusses the underrepresentation of women in the union and the lack of encouragement for women to advance in the union. Stone ends the interview with a discussion on the benefits of being in a union and her hopes for more women to become involved in union activities.</text>
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                <text>2004-10-18</text>
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                <text>Stone, Jola, 1948-</text>
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                <text>Taylor, MI; 1985-2005</text>
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                <text>Terri Patterson Oral History</text>
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                <text>Terri Patterson is a structural ironworker with Ironworkers Local 25 and a third generation Native American ironworker. In this interview Terri describes the apprentice program and the classes. Many of her male relatives are in the field and she describes some of her experiences working with them.  Patterson emphasizes that feminism and women’s rights never played a role or affected her desire to work in the iron field and that her relatives in the trade, her tomboy nature, and appearance probably factored into her success.   Patterson questions her future in the profession as she is not sure how much longer she wants to work in the field because of the physical abuse the work inflicts on her body.  Patterson mentions her activity in the union and closes the interview with her hopes for the future including plans to run for sergeant at arms, get involved as a mentor to female apprentices, and to form a support group for women ironworkers.</text>
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                <text>2006-03-06</text>
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                <text>Patterson, Terri, 1971-</text>
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                <text>Owosso, MI; 1996-2005</text>
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                <text>Pat Nuznov is an electrician with IBEW-International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 58 Detroit.   In 1978, thanks to President Carter and affirmative action, Nuznov applied for and was accepted into IBEW Local 58’s apprenticeship program. Nuznov recalls her apprentice schooling and the sexist treatment she and the other female apprentices had to tolerate from their teacher. She describes her experiences   in the field, the working conditions, and the lack of accommodation on the job site for women.  Nuznov was appointed steward and explains that duties that position entails. She discusses the difficulties she has had in becoming active with her union and explains the problems she and other tradeswomen have had forming the Detroit tradeswomen group.  Nuznov discusses why she feels there are so few women in the trades, why they are not being recruited, and why so few female union members are active in their unions.  Nuznov closes the interview with her thoughts on the role of affirmative action in the trades and her hopes for the future</text>
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            <name>Date Recorded</name>
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                <text>2004-01-05</text>
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                <text>Nuznov, Pat, 1954-</text>
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                <text>Flint, Saginaw, MI; 1988-2005</text>
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                <text>T.M., a non-union roofer and general contractor, was born and raised in Trenton, MI.  T.M. got into the construction trade at age 18 after buying a house, realizing she could not afford to hire help she learned how to do the repair work herself.   At the same time she became involved in drag racing and raced cars with her husband in the professional circuit for twelve years. T.M. returned to Michigan after her divorce and worked for her brothers roofing company until she remarried and started a company of her own. T.M. explains some of the roofing work she has done, the roofing process and the various materials involved. She discusses being a licensed business owner and what it entails to get a license.  T.M. stresses that her position as the boss and business owner were important factors in her being treated as an equal as compared to most women in the trades.  At the time of the interview T.M. had just begun teaching in the building trades program at Lincoln Park High School and hopes to continue teacher in the program.</text>
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                <text>Raucher, Margaret; Advisory Group Members</text>
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                <text>Ypsilanti, MI; 1998-2004</text>
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                <text>Sue Jantschak Oral History</text>
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                <text>Sue Jantschak is a business agent with the Michigan Regional Council of Carpenters and Millwrights.  After graduating from Michigan State University with a degree in veterinary technology and working in that field for thirteen years Sue developed allergies to the animals and had to leave the profession. Jantschak worked briefly in a bank but soon applied for the Carpenters apprenticeship after learning of the program.  Jantschak recalls the difficulties she had during her apprenticeship and the general bias against women in the trades. Sue explains how she started attending union meetings to see where her dues were going and discusses the volunteer work she has done with the union.  Jantschak completes the interview by discussing how and why she transitioned into a business agent, mentions that she was the first female business agent in Michigan and in the Carpenters, describes the job process and the danger the job poses.</text>
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                <text>2005-05-16</text>
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                <text>Jantschak, Sue,1955-</text>
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                <text>Flint, MI; 1977-2006</text>
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                <text>S.H. Oral History</text>
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                <text>In this interview S.H., a sheet metal worker with Local 80 recalls growing up in Taylor, MI and attending college in Kentucky and Lawrence Technical University before having to drop out for financial reasons. A sheet metal worker friend encouraged S.H. to take a placement test at Local 80; she passed and was offered a position.  S.H. describes apprentice school, the sheet metal trade, and recalls that she was only the fourth female in her trade.  She describes the transition from working in the shop to gaining hands on experience in the field where she first worked with local 80 members. This led to her interest in union activities. After experiencing and witnessing the unfair treatment of women in her field, S.H. ran and was elected an executive board member with the determination to make a change. S.H. describes the duties and functions of the executive board and its members. S.H. closes with her thoughts on the future of the trades, and how the economic conditions will affect the future of women in the trades.</text>
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                <text>2005-06-06</text>
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                <text>S.H.. 1962-</text>
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                <text>Lansing, MI; 1970's-2004</text>
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                <text>Renee Holbrook is a mechanic with the National Conference of Firemen and Oilers Local 1219 under SEIU. Holbrook was born raised in Owosso, MI and attended technical school at Universal Technical Institute in Illinois and completed a certificate program in mechanics. After she completed the technical school program Holbrook moved to southern Illinois and took as job as a mechanic at a truck stop.   The birth of her second nephew brought Holbrook back to Owosso in search of employment. An aunt who was employed at the Ann Arbor Railroad encouraged Holbrook to submit an application and soon she took a temp job doing miscellaneous work, she eventually progressed to mechanical work on the locomotives.  That Fall Holbrook was hired as a full time employee in the union shop of the railroad, she was the first female employee to work outside of the office for the railroad. Holbrook describes the railroad shop, the different levels of job classification, the role of the mechanics, and the work on the engine itself. At the time of the interview Holbrook was active in her union. She recalls how she became the union secretary- treasurer and describes her duties in that office and union meetings. Holbrook was informed the week prior to her oral history interview that the railroad was being sold; at the recording she still had no news on the state of her job.</text>
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                <text>2005-10-17</text>
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