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                  <text>Society of Women Engineers Oral History Project: Profiles of SWE Pioneers</text>
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                  <text>Interviews of pioneering women engineers, across engineering disciplines, conducted to document the history of women in engineering from the 1930s to the present as well as the founding and development of SWE. This project was sponsored by the Society of Women Engineers through generous funding provided by the Ford Motor Company Fund and managed by the Reuther Library. Both transcript and videotapes are available.</text>
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                <text>Eleanor Baum Oral History</text>
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                <text>Dr. Eleanor Baum is Dean of Engineering at The Cooper Union in New York City and Executive Director of the Cooper Union Research Foundation. She is an electrical engineer who received her Ph.D. from Polytechnic Institute of New York in 1964 after undergraduate studies at City College of New York. She earned the distinction of "first woman dean" of an engineering school in the U.S. when she was named Dean of Pratt Institute's School of Engineering in 1984. Baum joined the engineering faculty at Pratt Institute in 1965 as Assistant Professor, and previously served as the Chair of the Electrical Engineering Department in 1971.
Baum began her career in the aerospace industry working for Sperry Rand Corporation and General Instrument Corporation. Although she soon entered academia while working on her doctorate, Baum maintained her ties to industry through consulting.

Baum has played leadership roles in numerous professional associations and national engineering education initiatives. She is the first female president of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), has served as president of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), has sat on the National Science Foundation's Engineering Advisory Board, and has been involved with the Engineering Manpower Commission. Baum has also garnered many accolades for her work. She is a fellow of ABET, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Society of Women Engineers, and ASEE. In 1988 she won the Emily Warren Roebling Award, presented by the National Women's Hall of Fame; in 1990 she was awarded the SWE Upward Mobility Award; and in 1996 she was inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame.

Nationally recognized for her efforts in advancing engineering education and promoting engineering as a career for women and minorities, Baum has conducted national surveys of women in engineering and undergraduate women engineering students. She frequently writes, speaks, and is interviewed about engineering education issues.</text>
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                <text>Baum, Eleanor</text>
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                <text>Lauren Kata</text>
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                  <text>Interviews of pioneering women engineers, across engineering disciplines, conducted to document the history of women in engineering from the 1930s to the present as well as the founding and development of SWE. This project was sponsored by the Society of Women Engineers through generous funding provided by the Ford Motor Company Fund and managed by the Reuther Library. Both transcript and videotapes are available.</text>
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                <text>Lois Bey Oral History</text>
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                <text>Lois Bey is a chemical engineer who holds the distinction of being the first woman graduate in chemical engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, where she graduated with honors in 1950. In 2001, Bey received an IIT Distinguished Alumni Award for this accomplishment as well as for her commitment and contributions to the chemical engineering profession.

Bey's early career involved a lot of hands-on involvement in lab work as well as experience with large industrial chemical equipment. She worked for a succession of companies including Edwal Laboratories, Underwriters Laboratories and the Armour Research Institute (now IIT Research Institute) with responsibilities ranging from lab technician to assistant engineer. From 1956-1960, Bey was employed as a sales engineer for a Midwest chemical process equipment manufacturer, F.M. De Beers, Assoc. where she sold and trouble-shooted equipment.

After taking a job with Baxter Laboratories in 1960, Bey earned a master's degree in Library and Information Science. Until her retirement in 1993, Bey successfully combined both her degrees toward a career as an information specialist in chemical company research &amp; development departments, first at Baxter and later at Stepan Chemical Company.

Bey joined SWE in 1953 and is a life member. She was also an active member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the American Society of Information Science.</text>
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                <text>Bey, Lois</text>
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                <text>Lauren Kata</text>
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                  <text>Interviews of pioneering women engineers, across engineering disciplines, conducted to document the history of women in engineering from the 1930s to the present as well as the founding and development of SWE. This project was sponsored by the Society of Women Engineers through generous funding provided by the Ford Motor Company Fund and managed by the Reuther Library. Both transcript and videotapes are available.</text>
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                <text>Patricia Brown Oral History</text>
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                <text>Patricia Brown is a chemical engineer whose career took a different path than most. Graduating as the first woman chemical engineer from Southwestern Louisiana Institute, Brown went on to earn her master's in chemistry from the University of Texas. After graduation, Brown briefly taught chemistry at Smith College and then became a research associate at Albany Medical College, after which she worked for Ethyl Corporation in Detroit. While at Ethyl her career as a technical information resources specialist began. In 1955 she took a job as a technical writer at Westinghouse's Bettis Atomic Power Division.

After Westinghouse, Brown joined Texas Instruments as Information Services Supervisor in 1957, where she had overall responsibility for administration of the library. She left Texas Instruments for a research career in information storage and retrieval at Battelle Memorial Institute, and later accepted a position in technical information management at Baxter Laboratories in Illinois. Brown remained in the field of information and research for the rest of her career until her retirement from Stepan Company, becoming skilled in data analysis, system design, reporting and publishing, computer operations and management.

An early member of SWE, Brown has been very active in the society, serving as its president from 1961-1963. She has also been affiliated with the American Society for Information Science, the American Chemical Society, and the Society for Technical Communication.</text>
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                <text>Brown, Patricia L.</text>
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                <text>Lauren Kata</text>
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                <text>Yvonne Clark &amp; Irene Sharpe Oral History</text>
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                <text>Yvonne Young Clark first became interested in engineering when she was a member of the Civil Air Patrol in high school during the Second World War.  She originally considered studying aeronautics engineering but decided instead to pursue mechanical engineering at Howard University.  In 1951 she became the first woman at Howard to complete her B.S.M.E.  She became a licensed professional engineer and was the first woman to receive a master's degree in engineering management from Vanderbilt University.

Clark began her career working at Frankford Arsenal-Gage Laboratories in Philadelphia and RCA in New Jersey.  She moved to Nashville with her husband in 1955 but found few opportunities available to her in industry.  She accepted a position as a mechanical engineering instructor and became the first female faculty member in the College of Engineering and Technology at Tennessee State University.  Clark has taught at TSU for over 50 years, where she served twice as department chair and eventually became an associate professor.  During summer breaks at TSU Clark has worked in the field for numerous organizations including the Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA, Westinghouse, and Ford Motor Company.

Clark joined the Society of Women Engineers in 1952 and has served on its Executive Committee. She was elected to the College of Fellows in 1984 and received the Distinguished Engineering Educator Award from SWE in 1998.  Clark is also an active member of the American Society of Engineering Education and the Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Irene Sharpe recognizes the irony in her career choice, given that her childhood home did not have electricity until she was in middle school.  While her family wanted her to become a math teacher Sharpe chose instead to study electrical engineering at Howard University, earning her degree in 1963.

Sharpe spent the first 14 years of her career designing power distribution and control systems for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the Bureau of Land Management, and the National Park Service.  In 1977 Sharpe changed the focus of her career, working on automotive electrical systems at Ford Motor Company and later at General Motors Corporation in metropolitan Detroit.  In 1988 she joined United Technologies, where she remained until her retirement as a principle engineer in 1999.

Sharpe has been a member of the Society of Women Engineers since 1962 and was elected to the College of Fellows in 1990.  She has been an officer for several sections, served on the national Executive  Committee, and chaired the 1982 national convention. Sharpe is also an active member of the Society of Automotive Engineers.</text>
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                <text>Clark, Yvonne; Sharpe, Irene</text>
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                <text>Lauren Kata</text>
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                  <text>Interviews of pioneering women engineers, across engineering disciplines, conducted to document the history of women in engineering from the 1930s to the present as well as the founding and development of SWE. This project was sponsored by the Society of Women Engineers through generous funding provided by the Ford Motor Company Fund and managed by the Reuther Library. Both transcript and videotapes are available.</text>
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                <text>Stella Lawrence Daniels' career spans both industry and academia. With a master's in mathematics and physics from New York University, Daniels went on to pursue engineering. Before graduating with a master's in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1952, Daniels began her engineering career as a development engineer and mathematician during WWII. It was during her post-war tenure at Bell Telephone Laboratories that Daniels began teaching electrical circuits in the evenings at Pratt Institute and physics in the evenings at The City College of New York.

Daniels made the full-time switch to academia a couple of years later, becoming an assistant professor in electrical engineering technology at Bronx Community College where she retired as full professor in 1988.Even though the bulk of her career was in teaching engineering, Daniels maintained her ties to industry with consulting jobs, such as one at NASA during her summers between 1975 - 1992.

A charter member of SWE, Daniels holds distinctions in several other professional engineering societies. She is a fellow and first woman member of the Brooklyn Engineers Club; a senior member, 20-year executive committee member, and 1978 Professional Achievement award winner of IEEE; and was the first woman president of the Technical Societies Council Of New York 1970-72.</text>
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                <text>Margaret Eller spent her career in the field of engineering graphics and drafting. Having first attended the University of Michigan School of Architecture, Eller went on to receive a B.S. from Wayne State University and a M.S. in engineering graphics from the Illinois Institute of Technology. She worked as a draftsman, engineering illustrator, and technical writer from during WWII until the mid 1950s. Working for such companies as General Motors, Eller conducted and supervised the design layout of tools, fixtures, aircraft parts, and auto bodies.

In the 1950s, Eller began her teaching career at a local high school where she taught architectural and mechanical drafting before moving on to an assistant professorship at Ferris State University in engineering graphics. Eller retired from academia at Louisiana State University in 1980, where she also taught engineering graphics as the first female faculty in the College of Engineering. After retirement, she again worked in industry as an associate design draftsman in charge of patent drawings for SoGraph Design in Baton Rouge, LA.

Eller was a 1952 charter member of the Detroit SWE section and was active both nationally and locally within SWE for 30 years. She was recognized in 1987 by the Society of Engineering Illustrators for outstanding contributions to the engineering illustration profession.</text>
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                <text>Lauren Kata</text>
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                <text>Ann Fletcher chose engineering as a second career option, after teaching music for nearly ten years. Her career switch is a good example of the new opportunities that opened up to women as a result of WWII. She attended Wayne State University's College of Engineering from 1942-44, joining Bendix Aviation Corporation Research Labs in 1943 as a patent draftsman.

In 1947 Fletcher began work as an industrial illustrator and patent draftsman at Ford Motor Company where she worked for 21 years. As the only industrial illustrator at Ford, she worked closely with inventors to produce illustrations for product, design, chemical, and metallurgical inventions, among others. Her last position before retiring in 1978 was as Technical Assistant to Chief Engineer at the Shatterproof Glass Corporation. Her assignment entailed duties from various technical analyses to reports and surveys for the Environmental Protection Agency.

An early member of SWE, Fletcher experienced several "firsts" in her profession. It was during her position at Shatterproof that she became one of two women in the Society of Engineering Illustrators, serving two terms as president. She also became the first woman elected as fellow of the Engineering Society of Detroit and later to its board of directors. Fletcher received statewide recognition when in 1975 she was appointed to the Michigan State Registration Board of Professional Community Planners, the first woman to assume that responsibility.</text>
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                <text>Lauren Kata</text>
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                <text>Evelyn Fowler was part of the small group of women who were the earliest members of SWE. She was a charter member of the New York Section in 1949, a founding member of SWE national in 1950, and a founding member of the Connecticut Section in 1954.

Fowler graduated from the Art School of Pratt Institute in 1942 and later returned to study chemical engineering she married an engineer. Upon gaining her bachelor's degree she went to work for her husband's company, the American Actuator Corporation of New York as a drafter and later secretary-treasurer.</text>
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                <text>Isabelle French &amp; Elaine Pitts Oral History</text>
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                <text>The daughter of a contractor, Isabelle French became interested in engineering at a young age.  She graduated in 1944 from Tri-State College with a degree in radio engineering, the first woman at Tri-State to do so.  She received an honorary doctorate from her alma mater in 1966.

French began her career in 1944 working on the engineering and development of radar tubes at Sylvania in Massachusetts.  She remained there until 1952 and held  held a similar position at Capehart-Farnsworth in Indiana for another two years.  In 1954 she joined Bell Telephone Laboratories in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where she remained until her retirement more than 40 years later.

French has been an active member of the Society of Women Engineers since 1951 and has attended nearly every national conference.  In addition to serving as SWE President from 1964-1966, she has also served as the chairman or president of several sections, national secretary and treasurer, and has sat on the national executive committee.  French was elected to the SWE College of Fellows in 1981.

After studying industrial engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology and studying design at the Art Institute in Chicago, in 1943 Elaine Pitts applied to be a “secretary willing to be trained as a packaging engineer” at Aldens, Inc. in Chicago.

In 1945 Pitts joined Spiegel, Inc. in Chicago as a senior packaging engineer, where she remained until 1952.  The following year she began a long career at the Sperry and Hutchinson Company, where she organized and installed its packaging department.  In 1970 she was appointed the Vice President of Corporate Relations. Nine years later she and a friend moved to California to open their own packaging company, Dalton/ Pitts Associates.

A member of the Society of Women Engineers since 1964, Pitts has served on its Executive Board and was elected to the College of Fellows in 1981.  She is a past president of the American Women in Radio and Television and of Women Executives in Public Relations.  A Fellow of the Society of Packaging and Handling Engineers, she was the first woman to serve as that organization's Chairman of the Board.</text>
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                <text>Lois Graham was an engineering educator for 36 years during a time when women were not even allowed as engineering students in many schools. She was the first woman to graduate in engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1945; the first to receive a M.S.M.E. from the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT); and the first to receive a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in the country.

Upon graduating from RPI Graham went to work for the Carrier Corporation as a test engineer. After 18 months she returned to academia for a graduate assistantship at IIT, where she would spend her entire teaching career. When she became an instructor in 1949 she was the first woman faculty member in the mechanical engineering department. When Graham became full professor in 1975 she was one of but a few woman in the country with that rank.

In addition to instruction in such subjects as aeronautics, thermodynamics, and heat transfer, Graham served as Assistant Dept. Chair and briefly as Acting Dept. Chair. She was also appointed Assistant Director for Engineering and Science in 1974 and Program Center Director in 1977 of the Education and Experience in Engineering (E3) Program, a multidisciplinary, project-based curriculum program. Graham was also actively involved in recruiting minority students. She served as Chairman of the Women's Engineering Program; as Program Coordinator of the Early Identification Spring Program; Director of the Minorities in Engineering Program, an innovative program that received national recognition; and as Director of Motivation and Support for the Greater Chicago Area Program for increasing Minorities in Engineering by working with high school students.

Graham's many professional affiliations include SWE, of which she is a fellow and past president (1955-56), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, and the American Society for Engineering Education. She has earned several honors and has published extensively in engineering, scientific, educational, and management subjects.</text>
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